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ᓇᐅᔭᖅᑕᓕᒃ
ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᖃᓯᐅᑎᒻᒥᔪᖅ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᓄᓐ ᒪᑯᑎᒎᓇ ᓇᐅᔭᑎᓕᖕ (Naujateling), ᓂᐊᓐᑎᓕᒃ (Niantilic), ᓂᐊᑦᓕᒃ (Niatlic).
ᓇᐅᔭᖅᑕᓕᒃ, ᑐᑭᖓ, ᓇᐅᔮᖅᓯᐅᑎᐊᓂᓄᑦ, ᕿᑭᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᑐᓚᑦᑕᕕᑦᓯᐊᖑᓪᓗᓂ ᐸᓐᓂᖅᑑᑉ ᑲᖏᖅᓱᐊᓗᐊᓂ (ᐸᖕᓂᑦᑑᑉ ᓴᓂᐊᓂ). ᐊᕐᕕᓂᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᕙᑦᑕᒥᓂᖓᓐ ᑕᒪᒃᑮᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᕿᕐᒥᒃ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᐅᓂᖓᓂᓪᓗ ᑕᐃᓪᓗᓂᐅᒃ ᑖᒃᓱᒪᖓᓇᐃᓐᓇᖅ. ᑕᒫᓂᒐᓚᒃ 8–ᑭᓛᒥᑐᓂᒃ ᐅᖓᓯᓐᓂᓕᒃ ᓂᒋᖅᐸᓯᐊᓂ ᐅᒪᓇᕐᔪᐊᖅ.
ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑦ ᑎᑭᕋᓚᐅᖅᑎᓐᓇᒋᑦ, ᓇᐅᔭᖅᑕᓕᒃ ᓂᒋᑉᐸᓯᒻᒦᑦᑐᖅ ᓄᓇᓕᒋᔭᐅᕙᑦᑐᕕᓂᖅ ᑕᓕᖅᐱᖕᒥᐅᓄᓐ, ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐅᐊᓐᓇᖅᐸᓯᒻᒥᐅᑦ ᐸᓐᓂᖅᑑᑉ ᑲᖏᖅᓱᐊᓗᐊᓂ. ᑕᓕᖅᐱᖕᒥᐅᑦ ᓇᐅᔭᖅᑕᓕᓕᐊᖅᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᐅᑭᐊᑦᓵᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᓇᑦᓯᕋᓱᐊᖃᑦᑕᕈᒪᒧᓐ ᑲᖏᖅᓲᓂᖏᓐᓂ ᐃᒪᐅᓂᖏᓐᓂᓪᓗ. ᑖᓐᓇ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᖅ ᐅᖅᑯᐊᓕᓂᐅᓐᓂᕐᒪᓐ ᐱᖅᓯᖃᑦᑕᓕᕋᐃᒻᒪᓐ ᐅᑭᐊᑦᓵᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᐊᖑᓇᓱᐊᕐᕕᒋᒋᐊᖓ ᐊᑲᐅᓂᖅᓴᐅᑦᓱᓂ ᐊᑦᑕᓇᙱᓂᖅᓴᐅᑦᓱᓂᓗ. ᐊᕐᕌᒍᑕᒫᑦ ᖁᐊᖑᓕᕋᐃᒻᒪᓐ ᓄᓇ, ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᐃᓄᐃᓐ ᓄᑦᑎᐸᑦᑐᒥᓃᓐ ᐅᒻᒪᓇᕐᔪᐊᒧᓐ. ᓇᓐᓄᓐᓇᓱᐊᖅᓱᑎᒃ ᓇᑦᓯᐊᒥᓂᕐᓂᓪᓗ ᐅᐱᕐᖓᓵᒃᑯᑦ, ᐃᑦᔪᕆᑐᐊᖅᑐᐃᓐ ᑭᒻᒥᖅᓲᓪᓗ ᓴᓂᐊᓂᒥᐅᖑᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐊᐅᔭᒃᑯᑦ, ᑲᖏᕙᓯᑦᑐᒥ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᑕᒫᑦ ᑐᑦᑐᒐᓱᐊᖅᐸᑦᓱᑎᒃ, ᐅᑎᖅᐸᑦᓱᑎᒃ ᓇᐅᔭᖅᑕᓕᒻᒧᓐ ᐅᑭᐊᑦᓵᑕᒫᑦ.
ᐅᖅᑯᐊᓕᓂᐅᓂᖓᓄᓐ ᑐᓚᑦᑕᕕᑦᓯᐊᖑᓂᖓᓄ ᐊᑭᐊᑦᓵᑯᓪᓗ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᑲᑎᖃᑦᑕᕐᕕᐅᓂᖓᓄᑦ, ᓇᐅᔭᖅᑕᓕᒃ ᐅᑮᕕᐅᒐᓱᑉᐸᒃᑐᒥᓂᖅ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᓄᑦ ᑕᒪᐅᖓ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒃᑯᑦ ᑎᑭᓯᒪᔪᓄᑦ. ᐊᕐᕕᓂᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᑕᒫᓂᓐᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᓇᔪᖅᑕᐅᑲᓐᓂᐸᓐᓂᕐᒪᓐ ᑕᒪᓐᓇ. 1848–ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᓇᐅᔭᖅᑕᓕᒃ ᓄᓇᒋᔭᒥᓂᖅ 160–ᓄᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᓐ. 1853–ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᑳᐱᑕᐃᒋᔭᖅ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑎᖁᑎᖃᖅᐸᑦᑐᒥᓂᖅ ᐊᒥᓲᓂᖏᑦ ᐊᕙᑏᒃ ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᖁᓕᓪᓗ ᑎᑭᐅᓯᒪᔪᓄᑦ, ᓇᐅᔭᖅᑕᓕᐅᓪᓗ ᐊᒃᓱᐃᓐᓂᖓ ᑕᒪᐅᓇ ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᓕᖅᓱᓂ. ᐅᒥᐊᓕᑦᑕᖏᑦ ᓇᐅᔭᖅᑕᓕᒃ ᐋᓐᑐᕉᔅ ᑎᑎᕋᐅᑎᖃᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᖁᕕᐊᓱᒃᓱᑎᒃ 1865–ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᓇᐅᔭᖅᑕᓕᒻᒦᑦᑐᑦ ᐅᖅᓱᖃᑦᓯᐊᕆᐊᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓱᖅᑲᓂᓪᓗ. "ᐊᒥᓱᒻᒪᕆᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓄᑦᑕᖃᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᑕᒪᒃᓱᒪ ᓄᓇᓕᒋᒋᐊᙵᖅᓯᒪᔭᖏᓐᓂᒃ," ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑐᒥᓂᖅ, "ᐊᒻᒪᓗ [ᑕᑯᑦᓴᐃᑦ] ᐱᖃᓐᓂᕐᓂᖏᑦ. ” ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᐅᑮᕙᑦᓱᑎᒃ ᓇᐅᔭᖅᑕᓕᒻᒥ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᒐᓴᓐᓄᑦ, ᑕᐅᖅᓰᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᖅ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᐃᑦ ᐅᒻᒪᓇᕐᔪᐊᓪᓗ ᓯᓈᓃᑦᑐᓂ ᐊᕐᕕᓕᕆᕕᓐᓂ.
ᑕᑯᒍᒃ : ᐋᓐᑐᕉᑉ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᓂᖏᑦ, 1865-1867.
ᐃᓄᖏᑦ ᓇᐅᔭᖅᑕᓕᐅᑉ ᐃᓄᐃᓴᓪᓕᔪᒥᓃᑦ. ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ "ᐃᓄᐃᓴᑦᑐᕈᓘᓕᕐᓂᕆᐊᖏᓐᓂᒃ: 18771–ᖑᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᐊᕙᑎᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᓐᓂᕆᐊᖏᓐᓂᓪᓗ 1883–ᖑᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ. ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᐃᓚᒌᑦ ᓄᑦᑎᓂᕐᒪᑕ ᐊᓯᐊᓄᓐ. ᐊᕐᕕᓂᐊᕐᓇᐅᓂᓕᒫᖓᓂ, ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᑦᑎᐸᑦᓱᑎᒃ, ᑕᕝᕘᓈᖅᓱᑎᒃ, ᐸᓐᓂᖅᑑᑉ ᑲᖏᖅᓱᐊᓗᐊᓃᑦᓱᑎᓪᓗ, ᓯᓚ ᒪᓕᑦᓱᒍ ᓱᓕᕆᐊᑦᓴᓂᓪᓗ ᓄᑖᓂᒃ ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᓕᖅᓱᑎᒃ. ᓱᓕᓕ, ᓄᖑᑉᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖏᑦ ᐃᓄᖏᑕ ᐊᒥᓲᓂᖏᑕ ᓇᐅᔭᖅᑕᓕᐅᑉ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᖃᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᑐᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᖃᕐᒥᔪᖅ ᑐᖁᕋᖅᐸᑦᑐᓄᑦ. ᓇᐅᔭᖅᑕᓕᒃ ᐃᓂᒋᔭᐅᕙᑦᑐᑐᖃᒥᓂᖅ ᐅᑭᐊᑦᓵᒃᑯᑦ, ᓇᑦᓯᖃᑦᓯᐊᖏᒃᑲᓗᐊᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᓕᒫᖅ. ᐊᒥᓲᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᑕᒪᐅᙵᖃᑦᑕᕆᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐅᑮᔭᖅᑐᖅᑐᑦ ᑕᒪᐅᖓ, ᖃᓂᓐᓇᓱᐊᖅᓱᑎᓪᓗ ᐊᕐᕕᓂᐊᖅᑎᓄᑦ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᐊᕐᕕᓴᑦᓯᐊᕙᐅᓂᖅᓴᒨᙱᖔᖅᓱᑎᒃ, ᐊᒥᓱᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑐᖁᕙᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᐱᓕᕋᖅᓱᑎᒃ. ᐅᑭᐅᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ 1847–ᒥ 48–ᒥᓗ, ᐊᕙᑎᑦ 170–ᖏᓄᖏᓐᓂ ᐱᕐᓕᖅᓱᑎᒃ ᑐᖁᔪᒥᓃᑦ. ᐃᓚᖏᓐ ᓂᕆᔪᒥᓂᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖅ ᑕᓕᕐᒥ ᓂᕿᐊᓂᒃ. ᖃᓂᒪᓐᓇᖅᑕᖃᖃᓯᐅᑎᕙᓐᓂᕐᒥᔪᖅᑕᐅᖅ. ᖃᓂᒪᓐᓇᖃᕋᔪᑉᐸᑦᑐᒥᓂᖅ ᐅᑭᐊᑦᓵᖑᓕᕋᐃᒻᒪᓐ, ᓂᕆᔭᑦᓴᖅᑕᖃᑦᓯᐊᕈᓐᓃᖅᓯᒪᓕᕋᐃᒻᒪᓐ, ᐱᖅᕋᔪᑉᐸᖅᑐᒥᓂᖅ, ᓯᑯᓗ ᐃᔾᔪᓯᙱᓗᐊᖅᓱᓂ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᐊᕕᒋᓗᒍ. 1853–ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᓈᕐᒥᒍᑦ ᐊᕿᐊᕈᕐᒥᓐᓂ ᐋᓐᓂᐊᓇᖅᑐᒧᑦ ᑐᖁᕋᓚᐅᖅᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᐊᕝᕙᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᒥᓲᓂᖅᓴᐃᑦ ᓇᐅᔭᖅᑕᓕᒻᒥᐅᑦ. ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᖃᓂᒪᕙᓐᓂᕐᒥᔪᑦ ᐳᕙᓪᓗᓇᕐᒧᑦ, ᐃᒡᒋᐊᓗᓐᓇᕐᒧᓐ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑯᔭᓐᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᖁᐱᕐᕆᓇᕐᓄᑦ.
ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑦ ᑐᖁᕙᓐᓂᕐᒥᔪᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᓇᐅᔭᖅᑕᓕᒻᒥ, ᑐᖁᔾᔪᑎᒋᓗᐊᖅᓱᒍ ᐃᒃᑭᕐᓗᓕᕐᓂᖅ, ᑎᒥᒧᑦ ᐃᑲᔫᑎᑐᙱᓗᐊᓕᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ. ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑎᒥᒧᑦ ᐃᑲᔫᑎᑖᑦᓯᐊᐸᑦᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᓄᑖᒥᓂᕐᓂᒃ ᓂᕆᕙᓐᓂᕐᒧᓐ, ᖃᓪᓗᓈᓪᓕ ᓯᑎᔪᓂᒃ ᓂᐊᖂᔭᓂᒃ ᓂᕿᑐᐊᖃᑐᐊᕈᑎᒃ ᓄᑖᒥᓂᐅᒍᓐᓃᖅᑐᓂᓪᓗ ᓂᕿᓂᒃ ᑕᖅᑭᕋᓴᓐᓂᒃ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᒥᐅᑕᒥᓐᓂᒃ, ᑐᖁᕙᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ. ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑦ ᑐᑭᓯᐅᒪᔪᒥᓂᐅᒐᓗᐊᑦ ᓂᖀᑦ ᓂᕐᔪᑎᒥᓃᑦ ᐃᒪᕐᒥᐅᑕᐃᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐃᒃᑎᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᓐᓇᒍᓐᓇᕆᐊᖅ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᒥᓱᑦ ᐊᓐᓇᐸᓐᓂᖏᑦᑐᑦ. ᐊᔾᔨᒌᖏᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᐊᒥᓱᓂᒃ ᐊᑐᖅᐸᑦᑐᒥᓂᐅᒐᓗᐊᑦ ᖃᓂᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᐋᖅᑮᒐᓱᐊᕈᑎᒥᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᑐᕐᓇᕐᓂᖃᖅᐸᓐᓂᕋᑎᒃ – ᓲᕐᓗ ᒪᑯᑎᒎᓇ ᐃᖃᐃᔭᖅᑎᑦᓯᓂᕐᒥᒍᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓂᐅᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓴᐅᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᓄᓇᒧᑦ. ᐅᐱᕐᖓᓵᖓᓂ 1857, ᑕᓪᓕᒪᓐ ᐊᖑᑏᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᖅᔪᐊᒦᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᐅᑮᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐊᓕᐸᐃᒥᒃ (Alibi) ᑕᐃᔭᐅᔪᒥ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒥᒃ ᑐᖁᔪᒥᓃᑦ ᐃᒃᑭᕐᓗᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᓇᐅᔭᖅᑕᓕᒻᒥ. 1878–ᖑᓕᕋᑖᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᐃᓄᒻᒥᒃ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑐᖃᖅᑐᒥᓂᖅ ᐃᒃᑭᕐᓗᓕᕐᓇᖅᓯᒻᒥᒋᐊᖓᓂᒃ "ᐃᒃᑭᓗᑦᑐᕋᓵᓘᓕᕆᐊᖏᑦ ᐊᖑᑏᑦ [ᓇᐅᔭᖅᑕᓕᒻᒥ]”
ᑕᑯᒍᒃ : ᓴᒻᒥ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖅ ᐅᕙᓂ Howgate, ed, ᐃᖏᕐᕋᓂᒥᓂᖓ ᕗᓗᐊᕋᓐᔅ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᒧᐊᑉ, 69
ᖃᐅᔨᒋᐅᕐᓇᖏᑦᑐᖅ ᐊᒥᓱᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓗᕕᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᖏᐊᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓇᐅᔭᖅᑕᓕᐅᑉ ᖃᓂᒋᔭᖓᓂ, ᓴᓂᐊᓃᑦᑐᕐᓗ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᖅ ᐃᓄᒃᔪᐊᖅ ᐊᒥᓲᓂᖅᐹᓂᒃ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᕕᓂᕐᓂᒃ ᐃᓗᕕᑕᖃᐅᖅᓱᓂ ᐸᓐᓂᖅᑑᑉ ᑲᖏᖅᓱᐊᓗᐊᓂ. ᐅᔭᕋᕐᒥ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᓚᐅᖅᑐᕕᓃᑦ ᐊᑎᖏᑦ ᓇᑭᙶᖅᓯᒪᓂᖏᓪᓗ ᑕᐃᒃᑯᐊ ᐊᖑᑏᑦ ᐃᓗᕕᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑕᐃᑲᓂ. ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᐃᓗᕕᖃᕐᕕᒋᔭᒦᑦᑐᖅ, ᐊᕐᕌᒍᓕᒻᒧᑦ ᐊᕙᑎᓂᒃ ᑕᓪᓕᒪᓂᓪᓗ ᐊᑎᖃᖅᓱᓂ ᔪᐊᔾ ᓄᐊᕐᕆᒥᒃ (George Norrie), ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ, "ᐅᒡᒍᕆᔭᖅ ᐊᒃᓱᐊᓗᒃ ᐃᓘᓐᓇᐃᓐᓄᑦ." ᐃᓗᕕᖅᑕᕕᓂᖅ ᐊᑖᑕᒥ ᐃᓗᕕᖓᑕ ᓴᓂᐊᓂ. ᑕᒪᒃᑮᒃ ᑐᖁᔪᒥᓃᒃ ᑕᐃᑲᓂᑦᓴᐃᓐᓇᖅ, ᐅᖓᓯᑦᓴᖅᑐᒥ ᓄᓇᒥᓐᓂᒃ ᓯᑳᓚᓐᒥᒃ.
ᑕᑯᒍᒃ : ᐱᔾᔭᒥᓐ ᕼᐊᑉᐱᓐ, ᑎᑎᕋᖅᐸᑦᑕᒥᓂᖏᑦ, ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᐅᕆ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒧᑦ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᒥᓂᖓ 1896-ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ. ᒪᑉᐱᒐᖏᓐᓂ 73-74.